Author: Josh (Page 8 of 19)

I'm currently a PhD candidate in sociolinguistics at the University of Georgia.

Je suis actuellement candidat de doctorat en sociolinguistique à l'University of Georgia.

For (very) old men.

“… to expose to the world, insofar as it is given me to do so in the profession of music, the vain error of men who esteem themselves such masters of high intellectual gifts that they think women cannot share them too.” –Maddalena Casulana, 1568

I found the above quote, a portion of the dedication in Casulana’s First Book of Madrigals, in J. Peter Burkholder’s A History of Western Music. Sometimes I’m not sure if I should be thrilled that there have always been women willing and able to prove that they’re equal to men or if I should be sad that they’ve felt the need to prove this again and again for hundreds of years. Hell, in the 12th century, Hildegard von Bingen invented a language while also finding time to make breakthroughs in science and music and yet over 300 years later Casulana was still like, “Ok, this will be the one that finally convinces y’all not to denigrate women!”

Ayoù sont les téléphones?

Bec Doux et Ses Amis, from Cajun Héritage

It appears that a Paris-based outsourcing company will be creating some jobs in Shreveport, Louisiana:

French outsourcing giant Teleperformance has announced that it will create 740 jobs in Shreveport, Louisiana, in addition to its 1,260 existing employees there.

I found this story through NOLA Française and, when I read it, I immediately thought of a French-language call center, but I imagine a call center, particularly one that would be hiring Louisiana French speakers, is not all that likely. Just because the company is French doesn’t mean they need Francophone employees.

But it got me thinking, “Why not?” Part of what holds a language back can certainly be chalked up to a lack of meaningful uses and that would include not needing it to work or, in this case, really needing a different language altogether to get any work. Jobs in the tourism industry can be obvious exceptions but relying on one industry for all the French-based employment in the state probably doesn’t go too far. The possibility of grabbing outsourcing jobs that really do require Francophones would be an interesting addition.

Of course, there’s a definite dialect issue. It’s probably akin to using Filipinos for English-language call center outsourcing, or possibly worse. English in the Philippines is almost definitely going to be heavily influenced by American English as we’ve been fiddling around with their country in a big way up to some 50 years ago while French in Louisiana may not have received a significant amount of influence from International French in a very long time–according to Carl Brasseaux in French, Cajun, Creole, Houma, immigration declined a great deal after the Civil War. Instead of just being pronounced differently or phrased a little different, entirely different verbs and pronouns are also used.

Still, it seems worth it for someone to look into this possibility.

Blind guns and motorcycles.

I’ve noticed a feature of the speech of both Stephen Colbert and Jon Stewart that seems a bit strange to me. Pay attention to how he Colbert pronounces his B’s in the following:

Normally this consonant would be pronounced as [b], just a regular stop, but Colbert seems to often use something like the trill [B]. Think of making the sound of a motorcycle by vibrating your lips, that’s the sound. For instance, at 3:16 when says breezy.

I’m not really sure what’s happening here. Maybe this is actually normal and I’ve just not noticed. It could also be a dialect change in progress but it seems kinda strange that I’ve heard this with Jon Stewart as well since they come from different parts of the country. It could also be just some mysterious ideolectal feature of fake news hosts. Who knows.

Japanonomatopoeia.

Sometimes I wonder if the Japanese language is has so much onomatopoeia because the phonological structure leads to it or whether their interest in onomatopoeia lead to phonological structures reminiscent of it. Here’s one of the most difficult words to say that I know in Japanese:

暖かくなかった (Kanji)
あたたかくなかった (Hiragana)
atatakakunakatta (Rōmaji)
/atatakɯnakatta/ (IPA)

This is an adjective meaning it wasn’t warm outside. Because of the length and the very regular CV syllable pattern, this is a tongue twister for me and sounds like onomatopoeia for attacking. Of course, my (incorrect) interpretation is clearly influenced by the English word attack having a similar phonological structure (/ətæk/), but this repetition fits words that are accepted as Japanese onomatopoeia as well:

じろじろ見る (Kanji)
じろじろみる (Hiragana)
jirojiromiru (Rōmaji)
/dʑiɾodʑiɾomiɾɯ/ (IPA)

This means to stare (or, more literally, to look staringly). Although I’m sure this word goes back further than the invention of lasers, that’s what I think of when I hear the initial sound: lasers coming out of someone’s eyes.

Regardless of whether the chicken or the egg won this battle, I’m glad the battle happened as it gives me something to write (and chuckle) about.

Finding the bayou.

I’m not exactly sure what the hell happened here, but The Lost Bayou Ramblers did not sound anything like this a couple years ago. Their last album was essentially traditional song and songs that sound like traditional songs. But this is a great example of modernizing the sound of Cajun music without losing the roots of the genre and I think it has a lot to do with Louis Michot’s vocals. He often wails in a way reminiscent of Iry Lejeune:

And even further back to Amédé Ardoin:

Of course, the language helps maintain the connection as well but I’m not really able to discern Louisiana French by ear yet. He clearly has some notable features like the tapped /ɾ/, though. Either way, I kinda just wanted to share this album because it’s pretty amazing.

Les fous.

Around 48 seconds in, Murray Conque, imitating one of the characters he’s describing, delivers a punchline in French. The crowd, or at least part of it, gives a good laugh before he gets to any sort of English punchline or explanation. I missed what he said myself, other than calling the umpire an idiot at the end.

I was initially struck by this because it seemed as though the crowd knew what he was saying. I thought maybe this was a local Louisiana crowd that still had enough speakers that the joke worked or maybe the audience had some French speakers in general in it. Then I realized that people were probably just laughing at the obvious communication barrier between the two characters he was portraying. In that sense, the line almost seems almost like a mockery, with people laughing at the character, not with him.

This is possibly a direct contrast to what I described in a previous post with the bilingual joke in The Simpsons. That joke involved Spanish, which is certainly more widespread in the US than French and so likely to be understood. The Simpsons wasn’t mocking Hispanic people, they were simply banking on the idea that enough people would literally know what’s being said that it would be funny. Conque’s joke doesn’t seem to rely on that. In fact, his whole routine in that clip seems sort of like a mockery. It’s not that suspenders and small wooden houses don’t exist in Louisiana, it’s that those aren’t the only things that exist. They’re stereotypical, which I suppose is (or was) at least somewhat necessary for connecting to a wider audience, which is a bit of a shame.

When I saw the title, I wasn’t sure what to expect. I figured there was no way someone was doing comedy in Louisiana French, although comedy seems like a great arena for enriching and spreading the language. I also wasn’t expecting the comedian to be the butt of the jokes. It feels a little too self-deprecating and maybe Conque came to the same conclusion later on: in more recent clips he’s standing on typical stages wearing plain red suits.

Of course, there’s also the possibility that the intention was to convert any negative bias attached to these stereotypes as opposed to proving that Cajuns are respectable because they assimilate easily. I guess this is where the fine line is drawn between maintaining one’s identity and surviving within the larger culture.

Targeting su mercado.

I clicked on an Iry LeJeune video tonight on YouTube and was treated to a commercial from T-Mobile with the actress code-switching between English and Spanish, much like the Target commercial above. I’ve gotten used to advertisements in various languages popping up in my browser as I change the language on my computer fairly often but I’ve only recently started noticing US commercials that utilize English and Spanish at the same time. Here’s another from Tide:

As far as this Latino focused blog is concerned, the Tide ad does justice to bilingual families in the US. I’m sure it does, and I have no problem watching these myself, but I imagine many Americans being upset by it, which is attested to in the aforementioned blog as well.

This is not the first instance of bilingualism I’ve noticed in the popular media, either. The Simpsons ran a joke maybe a year or two ago that relied on the audience having at least some knowledge of Spanish:

What is the big deal? The big deal is I’m gonna sue you! Got me one of them “abogados” from the bus ads. He said he’ll only take “veinte por ciento,” whatever that is.

Maybe I’m assuming too much, but this probably isn’t even capable of being funny to an English monolingual speaker.

The usual refrain that I come across from the English-only crowd is that their great great grandparents came to the US from Italy or Germany or wherever and had to learn English and so should everyone else and, ya know, they’re probably right. Not about how we should be treating language use in the US now, but about the situation their ancestors faced when arriving in the US. Sure, they could speak their native languages with other immigrants but I’d be willing to bet that newspapers and such were not catering to their languages during the late 19th/early 20th century when we experienced some of our largest immigration waves. (I’d love to be proven wrong about this by someone who has the time to find out, by the way.) It’s as if the multicultural aspect of our national mythos has overpowered our actual historical treatment of other cultures within our borders, which is refreshing really.

“I knew how to make a fire in this iron stove.”

There’s something mesmerizing about this woman. The look in her eyes, the story that she tells, the way that she plays and sings, makes it seem as if she’s simply bursting with confidence and determination despite her clearly frail 92 year old body. When she states that she knew how to work that stove, it’s as if what she’s really saying is: “I knew how to get what I wanted in life against odds you can’t even imagine.”

When you QQ, I confuse morphograms with pictograms.

I am a nerd. As such, I have an huge inventory of acronyms which are basically useless in the real world. Still, the following threw me off today (as I was wasting time I don’t have indulging said nerdiness):

One female human thief in LLK of TC in EB of WvW, from Guild [PinK] of SOS servers.

https://forum-en.guildwars2.com/forum/wuv/wuv/A-Thief-in-TC-LLK-in-WvW

In normal person speak, this says: “Someone was in the Tarnished Coast game server’s Lowland Keep in the Eternal Battlegrounds Player versus Player game zone. They were in a guild named Pink that plays on the Sea of Sorrows game server.”

In fact, that’s not really normal person speak as I’m sure almost nobody who doesn’t play the game understands the translation. It would have to be parsed even further to make sense to people who don’t play video games, let alone Guild Wars 2. Maybe it would be something like this: “Someone playing an online video game against other players was in an enemy player’s base in an area where players fight eachother. They were a member of a group of players that often play together and call their group Pink.”

Of course, this loses all specificity (and makes awkwardly heavy use of the play morpheme). I’m not sure there’s actually a way to translate the original sentence to someone who has no familiarity with the subject at all without going into enormous amounts of explanation, which probably fits well into Language Log’s concept of nerdview.

But what really caught me was the orthography here, not the semantics. The original sentence was difficult to parse on the first reading even for myself. There are six acronyms (PinK, as all guild tags in the game are, is actually an acronym) which all require significant familiarity with the game. MMOs thrive on this sort of thing because so much conversation is typed while performing various other actions. Shorthand becomes essential for efficiency so that your character doesn’t die. Hell, even MMO is sort of for efficiency. It stands for massively multiplayer online… game. It used to be, more commonly, MMORPG (massively multiplayer online role playing game), then it got shortened because even the acronym was too much. Sometimes you’ll still see MMOG (massively multiplayer online game) but I’ve only really come across this being used by people who don’t play these games. This reminds me once again of the debate over Japanese orthography. Kanji are essentially serving the same function as acronyms in MMOs and the difficulty in understanding them for the uninitiated is often outweighed by the benefits they offer for the initiated.

This also reminds me of one of my favorite MMO shorthands: QQ. This isn’t actually an acronym–it’s not even a morphogram like kanji–it’s a pictogram. It’s literally supposed to look like two eyes with tears coming out. It means cry. I was confused by this for the longest time while playing Dark Age of Camelot, where (if you can call a game a place) it was invented because I kept wanting to read it as an acronym. Actually, I guess this wasn’t done for efficiency since there’s literally a one character difference. Maybe it’s for the semantic effect: I don’t believe you can use QQ to show sympathy for someone; it’s always used to mock. Hence one of the advantages, inherent in languages written in multiple ways like Japanese: intonation in writing.

And if you don’t understand what I’m talking about, QQ more newb.

Because I was asked…

I recently received an e-mail saying that I now have 60 or so credits from a college that is losing accreditation:

The school [City College of San Francisco], the largest college in California, was notified last week by the Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges that it will lose accreditation on July 31, 2014, leaving students without federal financial aid and potentially voiding their ability to transfer credits to other schools.

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/07/09/city-college-of-san-francisco-protest_n_3569046.html

The e-mail came from CCSF itself and they asked me to both tweet and write to a journalist about how important CCSF has been for me as a successful transfer student. Luckily, I transferred just under a year ago, which provides me with insight into how the school was operating while the pressure was on as well as what it has meant to me.

To start, it has, most definitely, changed my life in a significant way that I truly appreciate. I decided to go to college at 29 because I was having difficulty finding any work at all, let alone rewarding work, and found myself in a state where I could get an education for free. That second part is important. Because I was an independent student and a citizen of California with very little income, I qualified for the Board of Governor’s Waiver which paid for my tuition in full. I may have never gone if it hadn’t been for this benefit.

The education I received there was also, for the most part, just as good as what I receive at Tulane University now. In fact, my Spanish classes there were all far superior to the various languages classes I’ve taken at Tulane. The student population was also extremely diverse and interesting. I was never the oldest person in my classes. The school really did fill a lot of roles for a lot of people.

I’m not writing to that journalist, though. I don’t think he’d want me to anyway because I couldn’t say that I’m against the school losing accreditation. I remember hearing about this often for the last couple semesters I was there. The infrastructure was in shambles. I shivered through plenty of “summer” night classes in the Creative Arts building and I’m pretty sure they tried to cut back on costs by not providing paper towels in the bathrooms (which is both a minor issue for a student and a minor effort on the school’s part). The “offices” for faculty were often sectioned off makeshift cubicles in large rooms with giant stacks of paperwork functioning as supports. There were at most two financial aid clerks working during fairly limited hours that left slow-moving lines of up to 100 students at a time waiting to have a couple questions answered or a form signed. No one in the school could be reached by phone and you would be very lucky to receive a response to an e-mail that wasn’t sent to a professor. And what if you tried to get some of your bureaucratic formalities out of the way early before the rush of students made it a nightmare in the early semester? They’d tell you it’s too early and you’d have to come back. My guess is this was probably because they didn’t have the faculty to do anything with it at that time anyway.

Professors, though most of the ones I had (carefully) selected were rather good, often brought the politics of the school to the classroom. I was regularly asked by teachers to make sure that I voted for more bonds to be issued and whatnot, anything that would superficially provide the (possibly insolvent) school with more funds. In fact, my favorite teacher once complained–although she also had a sense of concern in her delivery–that she and others were forced to forgo raises so that other teachers with less time in wouldn’t be laid off. And I understood their concerns, but I didn’t automatically assume that the problem was simply not enough money being pumped in, especially given statements like that last one. I mean, they had a very poor faculty-to-student ratio but at the same time almost the entirety of their operating costs went to faculty salaries. To be fair, the ratio is a problem for most CA school and I couldn’t verify what a normal percentage of costs for faculty would be, but it was enough that it didn’t feel appropriate to bring the politics into the classroom so regularly.

That’s not to say the students weren’t equally ridiculous about the issue. CCSF has possibly the lowest tuition rates in the country for a community college [my guess] and they were very slowly increasing due to the crisis. Simultaneously, students would come into my classes–often those involved in the Occupy movement–speaking about how the original plan for CCSF was for it to be literally free for everyone. They were up in arms about the tuition hikes and the shorter semesters and the cuts in class availability (because CCSF was at least doing a little to try to lower their bottom line).

It was an impossible scenario where you have both a mismanaged school and an unrealistic student body attempting to maintain some pipe-dream where education is free and no one anywhere at any time needs to pay a dime as long as the city just keeps issuing loads of bonds. It caused both sides to move in such pathetically small increments that it would’ve taken a lifetime for the issues that the accrediting agency warned them about years earlier to get fixed. Which is another reason I feel very leery about giving CCSF a full blown vote of support in their protest: they knew what the problems were literally year ago and, when the accrediting agency finally came back to check on the school’s progress, they communicated twice as many issues as the last time. The college managed to receive warnings, and then progress in an even more negative direction as a result, probably due to the previously mentioned pipe-dream issue. How can I really say that I want the accrediting agency to change their mind about the school while knowing all this?

What I’d like to reiterate, though, is that I did receive a very good education there. CCSF was responsible for giving many people in the area a cheap place to go, even when they couldn’t get the Board of Governor’s Waiver. It really does sadden me to see that they’re closing down, despite the tone of this post. The direction of my life has changed drastically and led to all sorts of new experiences simply because I had that opportunity to go there. In a way, I also feel guilty, as if I received the fruits of a system that I simultaneously criticize. Maybe I share a bit of that pipe-dream, too. I think that mentality, while also being a source of frustration, is also what makes California such a wonderful place and I’d be lying if I said it didn’t influence me a great deal in just the few years I lived there.

Whatever happens, I do hope something bigger and better comes out of the rubble.

« Older posts Newer posts »

© 2024 Josh McNeill

Theme by Anders NorenUp ↑